Last reviewed on May 12, 2026.

Pricing reflects the contract type

Pricing approach is determined first by the contract type — firm-fixed-price work prices differently from time-and-materials, which prices differently from cost-reimbursement. For the full set of federal contract types and how risk allocates among them, see federal contract types.

Pricing Models

Firm Fixed Price (FFP)

  • Fixed total price
  • Contractor assumes risk
  • Higher profit potential
  • Best for defined scope

Time & Materials (T&M)

  • Labor rates + materials
  • Flexible scope
  • Shared risk
  • Ceiling price limits

Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF)

  • Reimbursable costs + fee
  • Government assumes risk
  • Lower profit margins
  • Complex requirements

Cost Build-Up Example

Cost Element Rate/Amount Calculation Total
Direct Labor $75/hr × 2,080 hrs Base salary $156,000
Fringe (35%) 35% of labor $156,000 × 0.35 $54,600
Overhead (65%) 65% of labor+fringe $210,600 × 0.65 $136,890
G&A (15%) 15% of subtotal $347,490 × 0.15 $52,124
Fee/Profit (8%) 8% of total cost $399,614 × 0.08 $31,969
Total Price $431,583

For the underlying accounting requirements — segregating direct from indirect costs, building defensible indirect rate pools, and the timekeeping discipline that makes these rates defensible at audit — see DCAA compliance and accounting systems. For the structural choices that drive whether a firm's rates are competitive in the first place — pool design, allocation bases, and when to split or merge pools — see indirect rate structures.

Competitive Pricing Strategies

Price to Win

  • Analyze competitor rates
  • Review historical pricing
  • Understand budget constraints
  • Balance price vs. technical

Value Pricing

  • Emphasize cost savings
  • Highlight efficiencies
  • Demonstrate ROI
  • Risk reduction value